Preliminaries

Abstract

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF LAW, ETHICS AND EDUCATION

[ISSN 2756 – 6870]

AFRCIAN JOURNAL OF LAW, ETHICS AND EDUCATION

(ISSN 2756 – 6870) AJLEE (2026) VOL. 9, No. 1

Website: https://ajleejournal.com

A Publication of the Institute of Legal Ethics

©AJLEE (2026)

COPYRIGHT

Except for quotation of brief passages in criticism and research, no part of this may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronics, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner.

Designed and Printed by:

Institute of Human and Capacity Development Education [IHCDCE] Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Email: editor@ajleejournal.com

Phone: +256-702815275 (WhatsApp)

EDITORIAL BOARD

Prof. Omoniyi Bukola Akinola (Kampala International University, Uganda)-       Editor-in-Chief

Imam Mulyana, PhD (Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia)                      -           Deputy Editor

Deji John Jayeoba, PhD (University of Pacific McGeorge, USA)            -           Deputy Editor

Ngozi Chinwa Ole, PhD (Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria)            -           Deputy Editor

Julena Jumbe Gabagambi, PhD University of Iringa (Tanzania)              -           Member

Prof. Doyin Awoyale, PhD (University of America, Willemstad,

Curacao, Netherlands)                                                                           -           Deputy Editor

Daniel Walyemera, PhD (Cavendish University, Uganda)                       -           Member

Riera Megasrana Yahya (Indonesia)                                                        -           Associate Member

Gideon N. Gasu, PhD (Cameroon)                                                         -           Member

Olalekan M. Lalude, PhD (Wisconsin International University

College, Ghana)                                                                                    -         Editorial Consultant

Oloworaran Benson, PhD – (Institute of Human Capacity Development and

 Continuing Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria)                                      –        Editorial Consultant

Kenechukwu Sunday Agwu – (Baze University, Nigeria)                        -           Secretary

Paul Ali Bobai, PhD – (Nigerian Law School)                                        -       Associate Member                                   

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

Professor Yemi Akinseye-George SAN

Professor Wahab O. Egbewole, SAN

Prof. O. Amucheazi, SAN

Prof. Femi Abifarin

Prof Olusola Olujobi

EDITORIAL NOTES

This Ninth Edition of the African Journal of Law, Ethics and Education may be cited as AJLEE [2026] Vol.9, No. 1. The Eight Edition of AJLEE has articles from members of the Legal Profession in legal practice and academia.

This Ninth Edition of AJLEE met the requirements for Indexing by Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) and has set standards to counter plagiarism through the use of Turnitin and other anti-plagiarism software. All these measures are geared towards enhancement of the quality of the articles. It has a wide coverage and standard contributions from diverse areas of law, ethics and education. It is believed that the articles in volume 8, Issue I in this edition will contribute in no small measure to ongoing legal discourse, proffer solutions/suggestions to legal and social issues and ultimately bring about development and improvement in Africa and beyond. AJLEE is now indexed in Google Scholar.

Contributors are solely responsible for the views expressed in their articles and such views are not necessary those of the Institute of Legal Ethics and Doyen Law Publishers Ltd and do not represent the publishers and printer for all intents and purposes.

Editor in Chief

Prof. Omoniyi Bukola Akinola, PhD

EDITORIAL GUIDELINES

1. Manuscripts submitted for consideration must not be under consideration or peer review or accepted for publication or published elsewhere and, if accepted, it should not then be published elsewhere in the same form of its publication in the AFRICAN JOURNAL OF LAW, ETHICS AND EDUCATION.
2. The authors’ name(s) should appear centred under the title. Articles should be in Microsoft word format, 12 font size and 1.5 line spacing.
3. Manuscripts must be clearly written in UK English and should be submitted in electronic format in Microsoft Word to editor@ajleejournal.com or online, through the Journal website.
4. Submitted manuscripts will be subjected to plagiarism tests through Turnitin, Grammarly and compliance with the Guidelines of the Editorial Team. Authors agree to transfer the copyright of their works to the AJLEE as the publisher through an executed Copyright Agreement.
5. Authors should strictly respect the intellectual property rights of other authors. Submitted works should not, to the best of author’s knowledge, contain anything which is libelous, illegal or infringes on anyone’s copyright or other rights.
6. Manuscripts should also be accompanied by an Abstract, which summarizes the Manuscript in not more than 250 words. The abstract should clearly summarise the manuscripts, research methodology adopted and state the manuscript’s main argument and relevance to contemporary legal issues.
7. Manuscripts should be well referenced in automatically generated Arabic numbering footnotes (not endnotes) and must accord with the Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA 4th edition) available at www.law.ox.ac.uk/oscola
8. Articles, case reviews and comments are published as received periodically.
9. INDEXING: The Journal is Indexed in Google Scholar
10. CORRESPONDENCES: All correspondences should be directed to the address stated below:

Prof. Omoniyi Bukola Akinola, PhD

Editor – in - Chief

African Journal of Law, Ethics and Education

Website: https://ajleejournal.com, Email: editor@ajleejournal.com

Phone: +256 – 702815275 [WhatsApp]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARTICLE

PAGES

AN EXAMINATION OF THE LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS FOR ONLINE SALE OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS

Ogechi Bernice Ohwomeregwa

1 – 24

MANDATORY VACCINATION IN NIGERIA: RECONCILING HUMAN RIGHTS LIMIT AND STATE OBLIGATIONS

Dabeluchukwu Pacella Modilim, Ifeoluwayimika Bamidele, & Abisola Akinleye

25 – 49

TOWARDS A COHERENT FRAMEWORK: THE LAW, ETHICS AND REGULATION OF ASSISTED FERTILITY AND ADOPTION IN NIGERIA

Grace Abraham Ahiakwo & Emuaye Grace Adija

50 – 81

THE ROLE OF CULTURAL EDUCATION IN SHAPING SUCCESSION LAWS IN NIGERIA: BRIDGING TRADITION AND MODERNITY

Imiefoh, Andrew Ikhayere

82 – 99

LEGAL PROFESSION AND THE CRISIS OF ETHICS IN AFRICA: THE WAY FORWARD

Bitrus Joseph Bulama

100 – 137

AN EXAMINATION OF COMPANY RESCUE THROUGH VOLUNTARY ARRANGEMENT UNDER THE COMPANIES AND ALLIED MATTERS ACT 2020

Aisha Ali Tijjani, Emmanuei Oluwafemi Olowononi, Asma’u Sulaiman Muhammad & Precious A. N. Ahiarammunnah

138 -154

EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF PLEA BARGAINING IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD

Adekunle Saheed Abiola & Ajepe Taiwo Shehu

155 – 182

A REVIEW OF THE REMEDY OF DISSENTING MEMBERS IN MERGER AND ACQUISITION UNDER THE FEDERAL COMPETITION AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 2019

Matthew Izuchukwu Anushiem

183 – 204  

THE PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS IN NIGERIA’S E-COMMERCE SECTOR: A PERSPECTIVE FROM INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL LAW

Lukman Lambo Akanbi

205 - 229

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN NIGERIA: THE PRECAUTIONARY, PREVENTIVE AND POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLES, EMERGING TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Etheldred E. Woha & Bukola Oyaleke

228 - 251

ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF ELECTION RESULTS AND DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY IN NIGERIA: LEGAL AND ETHICAL LESSONS FROM THE 2023 GENERAL ELECTIONS

Firdausi Kabir & Erigi Wabemo

252 - 266

A BINOCULAR OVERVIEW OF LEGITIMACY ISSUES IN THE NIGERIAN 1999 CONSTITUTION BETWEEN 1999–2025

Victoria Chinonyerem Okoro

267 - 280